Chapter 11 Post Test

A  government programs that distribute food, housing, or monetary assistance to people who make less than a predetermined amount of money each year.

B  government programs that provide tax cuts for people at the top of the income distribution.

C  incentives that interest groups distribute to people who do not belong to their organizations in order to win public support for their causes.

D  incentives that interest groups make available only to those people who are members of their organizations.

A  informational benefits

B  material benefits

C  purposive benefits

D  solidarity benefits

A  free rider.

B  purposive benefit.

C  solidary benefit.

D  collective good.

A  purposive benefit.

B  material benefit.

C  collective good.

D  solidary benefit.

A  it is the most conventional form of participation.

B  they are primary interested in material benefits.

C  they are an effective use of insider strategies.

D  these types of “outsider” strategies can be quite effective.

A  money

B  legal assistance

C  campaign workers

D  information

A  the New Politics movement.

B  a membership association.

C  an issue network.

D  an iron triangle.

A  $50,000

B  $5,000

C  $500

D  $500,000

A  political action committees can contribute $500,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

B  individuals may contribute up $15,000 to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election.

C  unrestricted “soft money” donations to the national political parties would be eliminated.

D  each candidate or campaign committee is required to itemize the full name and address, occupation, and principal business of each person who contributes more than $200.

A  allowed businesses to deduct lobbying costs as a business expense.

B  eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress.

C  lifted all limits on the number of gifts lobbyists could give members of Congress.

D  banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches.

A  citizen groups

B  corporate and professional groups

C  the homeless and the poor

D  government groups

A  $40,000

B  400,000

C  4 million

D  40 million

A  raise grassroots support for a particular interest.

B  raise and distribute money to election campaigns.

C  produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign.

D  build better networks between interest groups and political parties.

A  Lobbying is the least expensive and the most democratic strategy of influencing government.

B  Lobbying involves advertising in order to create a positive image of an organization.

C  Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on government officials themselves.

D  Lobbying is the only form of influence that has explicit First Amendment protection from regulation.

A  dramatically decreased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

B  prohibited 527s and Super PACs from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money interest groups could contribute.

C  dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

D  prohibited interest groups from donating to electoral campaigns but increased the amount of money 527s and Super PACs could contribute.

A  $2,800

B  $7,500

C  $1,000

D  $5,000

A  Creating a “war room”

B  Litigation

C  Creating an iron triangle

D  Going public

A  engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges.

B    

C  directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress.

D  filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group.

E  working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising.

A  opposes the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.q

B  is legally excluded from any interactions with interest groups and administrative agencies.

C  supports the agency’s budgetary requests and the programs the interest group favors.

D  files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and interest groups.

A  a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts.

B  the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts.

C  a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

D    

E  the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups.

A  permits interest groups to spend an unlimited amount of money on issue advocacy during a campaign.

B  allows former agency officials to work for the industries they had regulated within six months of leaving government service.

C  extends First Amendment protection to interest groups trying to lobby executive agencies.

D    

E  requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.

A  a 1961 Supreme Court decision.

B  internal rules of Congress.

C  the First Amendment.

D  state and federal laws dating from the 1930s.

A  lobbying Congress

B  protesting at the White House

C  lobbying the executive branch

D  litigating a case in court

A    

B  a network that attempts to raise a great deal of money from corporations, unions, and individuals to fund election candidates

C  a network of interest groups and elected officials that seek to reform a set of policies on a diverse set of issues

D  a network of individuals from various business groups and interest groups, each representing different issues

E  a network of individuals seeking to improve the environment that is made up of governors, environmental activists, climate change interest groups

A  free T-shirt

B  consciousness-raising workshop

C  health insurance program

D  newsletter

A  members of Congress listen only to organized interest groups and not to public-opinion polls.

B  members of Congress are presented with many opportunities to amend a piece of legislation.

C  the benefits of a group’s actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.

D  the benefits of a group’s actions are available only to a specific segment of society.

A  material benefits

B  purposive benefits

C  international benefits

D  informational benefits

A  principal-agent; selective benefits

B  free-rider; collective goods

C  principal-agent; collective goods

D  free-rider; selective benefits

A  with higher levels of income and education.

B  who work in manual labor and unskilled occupations.

C  from the lower socioeconomic levels.

D  who identify as Democrats.

A  public

B  grassroots

C  citizen

D  potential

A  public interest groups.

B  citizen groups.

C  government groups.

D  think tanks

A  business

B  ideological

C  labor

D  public interest

A  labor groups.

B  ideological groups.

C  public-sector groups.

D  businesses and corporations.

A  ideological

B  labor

C  public interest

D  business

A  less need for lobbyists

B  more financial resources

C  more grassroots members

D  more public funding for their activities

A  Jack Abramoff

B  Valerie Plame

C  Karl Rove

D  Paul Wolfowitz

A  limits the ability of the group to influence policy.

B  is a resource that contributes to the group’s effectiveness.

C  creates a lack of talent in the recruitment of new members.

D  reduces the amount of resources the group can acquire.

A  pursue litigation.

B  conduct partisan politics.

C  lobby officials.

D  mobilize public opinion.

A  litigation

B  lobbying a member of a regulatory agency

C  setting up a Super PAC and donating to campaigns

D  using material benefits to expand group numbers

A  did not restrict PACs in any significant way.

B  banned PACs.

C  limited PAC donations to $10,000.

D  prohibited any political activity from 527 committees.

A  an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

B  interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate.

C  a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself.

D  an interest group mobilizes its members throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group’s position.

A  American Civil Liberties Union

B  Department of Justice

C  New Politics movement

D  Tea Party

A  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

B  Human Rights Campaign

C  Congress of Racial Equality

D  American Civil Liberties Union

A  is legally excluded from any interactions with congressional committees and administrative agencies.

B  organizes grassroots mobilizations against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

C  provides campaign contributions to members of Congress and lobbies for larger administrative agency budgets.

D  files formal lawsuits and amicus briefs against administrative agencies and congressional incumbents.

A  reduce the number of lawsuits by encouraging interest groups to solve conflicts with administrative agencies through mediation.

B  forbid lobbying of administrative agencies.

C  eliminate iron triangles.

D  encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations.

A  lobbying

B  electoral politics

C  litigation

D  protesting

A  an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

B  an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

C  an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.

D  the act of working on a re-election campaign.

A  issue network.

B  PAC.

C  ballot initiative.

D  iron triangle.

A  institutional advertising.

B  an outside strategy.

C  lobbying.

D  a ballot initiative.

A  purposive benefit.

B  material benefit.

C  solidary benefit.

D  promotion offer.

A  information and money.

B  special services and goods.

C  friendship and consciousness raising.

D  professional accreditation.

A  purposive benefit

B  international benefits

C  informational benefits

D  material benefit

A  solidarity benefit.

B  collective good.

C  material benefit.

D  international benefit.

A  they lack interest in organization and in policy outcomes.

B  they lack interest in job programs or in affordable housing required for organization.

C  they lack the pluralist vision and interest in policy outcomes required for organization.

D  they lack the resources, money, time, and skills required for organization.

A  interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence.

B  that the public good should always trump individual interests.

C  interest groups are factions that endanger liberty.

D  that all interest groups are guaranteed political equality.

A  ideological groups.

B  think tanks.

C  labor.

D  professional associations.

A  business

B  professional

C  ideological

D  labor

A  33%

B  less than 1%

C  more than 50%

D  25%

A  they were the first group to abandon lobbying and take up only grassroots activism.

B  they were the first political associations to use the strategy of direct mailing.

C  they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.

D  unlike other interest groups, their status is like that of a charity, not a political organization.

A  Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

B  Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far fewer organized interest groups than other countries.

C  Americans are much less likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, but America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.

D  Americans are much more likely to join political and social organizations than people in other countries, and America has far more organized interest groups than other countries.