Module 1

A  Tenth Amendment and spending clause

B  necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause

C  commerce clause and supremacy clause

D  taxing power and necessary and proper clause

A  Federalism encourages economic equality across the country.

B  Federalism promotes political participation.

C  Federalism accommodates a diversity of opinion.

D  Federalism provides for multiple levels of government action.

A  More than half the states had legalized  same-sex marriage by the time the Supreme Court made same-sex marriage legal nationwide in 2015.

B  In the 1990s and 2000s, the number of state restrictions on same-sex marriage increased.

C  United States v. Windsor legalized same-sex marriage in the United States.

D  The federal government became involved in this issue when it passed DOMA.

A  The Arizona v. United States decision struck down all Arizona’s most restrictive provisions on illegal immigration.

B  Since the 1990s, states have increasingly moved into the policy domain of immigration.

C  States’ involvement in immigration is partly due to their interest in preventing illegal immigrants from accessing public services such as education and welfare benefits.

D  Federal immigration laws trump state laws.

A  The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act has prevented Congress from using unfunded mandates.

B  New federalism does not promote the use of unfunded mandates.

C  The Clean Air Act is a type of federal partial preemptive regulation.

D  Title VI of the Civil Rights Act establishes crosscutting requirements.

A  The federal government allocates the most grant money to income security.

B  Block grants tend to gain more flexibility over time.

C  The majority of federal grants are block grants.

D  The amount of federal grant money going to states has steadily increased since the 1960s.

A  Federal cooperation helps mitigate the problem of collective action among states.

B  Cooperative federalism respects the traditional jurisdictional boundaries between the states and the federal government.

C  Federal assistance ensures some degree of uniformity of public services across states.

D  Federal assistance encourages state and local governments to generate positive externalities.

A  New federalism is based on the idea that decentralization of responsibility enhances administrative efficiency.

B  New federalism was launched by President Nixon and continued by President Reagan.

C  President Reagan was able to promote new federalism consistently throughout his administration.

D  United States v. Lopez is a Supreme Court ruling that advanced the logic of new federalism.

A  Property taxes generate the most revenue for both local and state governments.

B  Between 30 and 40 percent of the revenue for local and state governments comes from grant money.

C  Taxes generate well over one-half of the total revenue of local and state governments.

D  Local and state governments generate an equal amount of revenue from issuing licenses and certificates.

A  Today there are more countries with federal systems that with unitary systems.

B  In a federal system, the Constitution allocates powers between the states and the federal government; in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government.

C  In a federal system, power is concentrated in the states; in a unitary system, it is concentrated in the national government.

D  The United States and Japan have federal systems, while Great Britain and Canada have unitary systems.

A  first ten amendments to the Constitution that protect individual freedoms

B  twenty-seven amendments added to the Constitution over the years

C  document authored by Thomas Jefferson that details the rights of all citizens

D  powers given to Congress in Article I of the Constitution

A  all

B  three-fourths

C  two-thirds

D  one-half

A  It was easier to control the actions of one man than the actions of a group.

B  One man could respond to crises more quickly than a group of men like Congress.

C  One man could respond to crises more quickly than a group of men like Congress and it was easier to control the actions of one man than the actions of a group.

D  That man would have to pass a religious test before he could become president; thus, citizens could be sure that he was of good character.

A  To encourage New York to ratify the Constitution.

B  To oppose the admission of slaveholding states to the federal union.

C  To encourage states to oppose the Constitution.

D  To encourage people to vote for George Washington as the nation’s first president.

A  It was agreed that a state’s slave population would be counted for purposes of taxation but not for purposes of representation.

B  It was agreed that Congress would abolish slavery in 1850.

C  It was agreed that a state’s slave population would be counted for purposes of both representation and taxation.

D  It was agreed that a state’s slave population would be counted for purposes of representation but not for purposes of taxation.

A  Congress would be a unicameral legislature with each state receiving equal representation.

B  Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on each state’s population and every state would have two senators.

C  Each state would have equal representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate.

D  Representation in both the House of Representatives and the Senate would be based on a state’s popluation.

A  It could not declare war?

B  It could not conduct foreign affairs.

C  It could not coin money.

D  It could not impose taxes.

A  the social contract

B  the divine right of kings

C  a bill of rights

D  due process

A  Thomas Jefferson

B  James Madison

C  John Locke

D  King James II

A  latent preferences

B  partisanship

C  ideology

D  intense preferences

A  social capital

B  ideology

C  partisanship

D  latent preference

A  The government pleases oil companies by allowing them to drill on lands set aside for conservation but allows environmental activist groups to protest the drilling operations.

B  The government pleases environmental activists by preserving public lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands for grazing purposes.

C  Groups that represent a variety of conflicting interests are all allowed to protest outside Congress and the White House.

D  The government pleases environmental activists by reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone National Park but angers ranchers by placing their cattle in danger.

A  government does what the majority of voters want it to do

B  ordinary people acting on their own have a significant influence on government

C  government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests

D  wealthy people decide what government policy will be, and politicians have no interest in pleasing anyone else

A  politicians who have held office for a long time are favored by voters

B  special interest groups make government policy

C  poor people and people of color should not be allowed to vote

D  wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people

A  direct democracy

B  oligarchy

C  totalitarian

D  monarchy

A  common goods

B  toll goods

C  private goods

D  public goods