Test 1

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Question #1

The division of labor is highest in which type of society?

A advanced industrial

B hunting and gathering

C feudal

D imperial societies

E industrial

Question #2

In which of these societies was work regarded as a sacred ritual?

A feudal system

B hunting and gathering societies

C merchant capitalism

D mass production

E postindustrial society

Question #3

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller, age 45, worked Tuesday through Friday at the Westview Widget Works. He took Monday off to attend a neighbor’s funeral.

A employed

B discouraged worker

C unemployed

D not in the labor force

E not in the target population

Question #4

Historically, many systems of work encountered certain difficulties. Select the system of organizing work associated with that system’s reason for difficulty:
The work day lengthened, work intensified, and the number of holidays decreased.

A guild system (Roman Era)

B postindustrial society

C craft guilds (Middle Ages)

D the factory system

E putting-out industry

Question #5

Markets in modern societies

A involve services as well as goods.

B all of the others

C are global in reach.

D have replaced barter.

E cover many more commodities used in daily life.

Question #6

Industrial capitalism (the factory system) was accompanied by

A the introduction of machinery.

B the emancipation of women through participation in the workforce.

C greater attention to workers’ conditions.

D a decrease in the division of labor.

E stopping emigration to the colonies.

Question #7

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Joe Miller’s father, Walter Miller, age 77, is retired but spent the week sitting in the courthouse square and playing checkers. He won $3 from Sam Smith by betting on the outcome of the checkers game.

A employed

B not in the target population

C discouraged worker

D not in the labor force

E unemployed

Question #8

The relative disadvantage of sample surveys is

A lack of generalizability.

B experimenter bias.

C response error.

D lack of reliability.

E interviewer fatigue.

Question #9

An advantage of multiple methods is

A less response error.

B less attention to ascribed characteristics.

C less experimental bias.

D greater reliability.

E greater government subsidy.

Question #10

Imperial societies developed

A the assembly line.

B markets.

C bureaucracy.

D agriculture.

E slave labor.

Question #11

Classical and contemporary theories of work are challenged by

A the alienation of workers.

B the development of bureaucracy.

C the monetization of commodity production.

D rapid change in the nature of work.

E the creation of a class structure.

Question #12

The contradictory nature of work is depicted by

A the fact that both workers and managers can be described as working.

B the fact that work generates both goods and services.

C the fact that work produces both satisfaction and alienation.

D the contrast between the situations of free workers and slaves.

F the relationship of bureaucracy to technology.

Question #13

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Clara Miller, Walter’s wife, is age 75. She has stopped looking for work because she believes no one will hire a woman of her age.

A unemployed

B discouraged worker

C not in the target population

D employed

E not in the labor force

Question #14

The social stratification of a society is most influenced by

A the number of women who work outside the home.

B the level of technology in services.

C the ratio of unpaid to paid labor.

D the division of labor.

E the number of factories per thousand workers.

Question #15

A good survey includes all of the following EXCEPT

A valid questions.

B a representative set of respondents.

C minimal response error.

D experimenter bias.

E reliable questions.

Question #16

Serfs are associated with

A service work.

B sheep enclosures.

C craft work in a city.

D craft work in ancient Rome.

E corvee labor.

Question #17

When sociologists conduct sample surveys, they ask questions of a systematic sample of people. What is the relationship of the sample to the population of interest?

A The sample is representative of the population.

B The sample is the same as the population.

C The sample answers questions that the population refuses to answer.

D The sample represents only the working part of the population.

E The sample has a smaller response error than the population.

Question #18

Sociologists who study work use as their unit of analysis
all of the following EXCEPT

A the worker.

B income tax returns.

C the labor force.

D occupations.

E unions.

Question #19

Characteristics of work that are hard to measure often involve

A experimental bias.

B both objective and subjective elements.

C official labor force statistics.

D the Hawthorne Effect.

E sample surveys.

Question #20

How occupations are perceived by others is measured by

A detailed occupation groupings.

B occupational prestige.

C establishment surveys.

D socioeconomic status scores.

E mixed methods.

Question #21

Select the government’s reference week Current Population Survey term and classify the following person, based only on the following description choose the government’s term in reference to the person’s situation during the reference week for the Current Population
Survey. Sharon Miller, age 17, spent four hours Friday evening and four hours Saturday evening baby-sitting for the Rodriguez family.

A employed

B not in the target population

C discouraged worker

D not in the labor force

E unemployed

Question #22

Which of the following statements about bureaucracy is true?

A By definition, a bureaucracy can exist only in the government or not-for-profit sector.

B Bureaucracies are highly inefficient by nature.

C A bureaucracy is a hierarchy based on personal authority and charisma.

D A bureaucracy is characterized by standardized rules and procedures.

E Bureaucracies exist only in Europe and the United States.

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