Lecture Exam 1

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

D  all microorganisms of the same species

A  7

B  8

C  1.5

D  7.5

E  14

A  time of infection and recovery

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

D  the time of infection and death

A  a flask with a gauze covering

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

D  a Swan necked flask

A  a more severe disease will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a milder disease will result.

A  a virus that does nothing to humans

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a parasite that kills its host

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  hydrogen bond.

C  ionic bond.

D  polar-covalent bond.

A  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

B  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  vicarious immunity

B  threshold immunity

C  resistance effect

D  herd immunity

A  bacteria

B  air

C  disease

D  cells

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

C  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

D  pH has no effect on virulence.

A  an infection that spreads between two humans

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

A  states.

B  insects.

C  continents.

D  individuals

E  animals.

A  pathogenicity

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  commensalism

A  fats

B  Gram stains

C  appearance

D  DNA

E  mitochondrial

A  social infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  community infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

D  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

E  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

A  prodromal

B  decline

C  illness

D  incubation

E  convalescence

F  more than one of the above is correct

A  source

B  reservoir

C  hot zone

D  vector

A  infectious point

B  lethal point

C  penetration point

D  portal of entry

A  30 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  3 times more acidic

E  10 times more acidic

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  sunlight

B  carbon dioxide

C  oxygen

D  dust

E  air

A  towels

B  human hands

C  needles

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  door handles

F  none of the above is correct

A  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

E  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

F  none of the above is correct

A  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of electrons

B  their outer shell is full of protons

C  their outer shell is full of atoms

D  their outer shell is full of neutrons

A  genetic profile

B  environmental conditions

C  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

D  human behavior

A  the eyes and skin

B  the urinary tract

C  the digestive tract

D  the placenta

E  the respiratory tract

A  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

B  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

C  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

D  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  sporadic

B  pandemic

C  epidemic

D  endemic

A  incidence

B  prevalence

C  morbidity

D  mortality

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18

C  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 2

A  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

B  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  commensals.

B  parasites.

C  pathogens.

D  mutualistic.

A  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

B  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

A  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

D  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  an infected host organism

A  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

A  octet electrons

B  inert electrons

C  valence electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  nosocomial

C  partial

D  opportunistic

A  both A & B are correct

B  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

C  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  prodromal route

B  parenteral route.

C  respiratory membrane

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  infection rate

C  number of prevalence

D  death rate

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

C  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  sporadic.

B  epidemic.

C  endemic.

D  pandemic.

A  size

B  location

C  temperature

D  time

A  they always are transmitted from the same vector

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases