Lecture Exam 1

A  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

B  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all microorganisms the human body

A  7.5

B  1.5

C  8

D  14

E  7

A  time of infection and recovery

B  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

C  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

D  the time of infection and death

A  a Swan necked flask

B  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a more severe disease will result.

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a parasite that infects dogs

C  a virus that does nothing to humans

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  non-polar covalent bond

B  ionic bond.

C  hydrogen bond.

D  polar-covalent bond.

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  herd immunity

B  vicarious immunity

C  threshold immunity

D  resistance effect

A  air

B  disease

C  cells

D  bacteria

A  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

B  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

C  pH has no effect on virulence.

D  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  continents.

B  states.

C  individuals

D  animals.

E  insects.

A  pathogenicity

B  commensalism

C  parasitism

D  mutualism

A  mitochondrial

B  fats

C  Gram stains

D  appearance

E  DNA

A  vector-borne infections

B  nosocomial infections

C  community infections

D  social infections

A  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

A  prodromal

B  illness

C  convalescence

D  decline

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  incubation

A  source

B  hot zone

C  reservoir

D  vector

A  infectious point

B  portal of entry

C  lethal point

D  penetration point

A  100 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  10 times more acidic

D  3 times more acidic

E  30 times more acidic

A  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the virulence of the organism

E  none of the above are correct

A  air

B  oxygen

C  dust

D  carbon dioxide

E  sunlight

A  needles

B  towels

C  door handles

D  human hands

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

D  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

E  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

F  none of the above is correct

A  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of protons

B  their outer shell is full of electrons

C  their outer shell is full of neutrons

D  their outer shell is full of atoms

A  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

B  human behavior

C  environmental conditions

D  genetic profile

A  the placenta

B  the urinary tract

C  the respiratory tract

D  the eyes and skin

E  the digestive tract

A  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

B  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

C  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

D  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

A  its virulence is low

B  it is a sporadic infection

C  it is not human pathogen

D  it is highly virulent

E  none of the above are correct

A  endemic

B  pandemic

C  sporadic

D  epidemic

A  morbidity

B  mortality

C  incidence

D  prevalence

A  2, 8, 18

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

A  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

B  social isolation never makes them go away

C  ignorance almost always makes them worse

D  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

A  parasites.

B  mutualistic.

C  pathogens.

D  commensals.

A  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

B  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

D  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

B  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

A  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

B  an infected host organism

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

C  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

D  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

A  valence electrons

B  octet electrons

C  reactive electrons

D  inert electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  more than one of the above is correct

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  partial

C  opportunistic

D  common source

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

C  both A & B are correct

D  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  parenteral route.

B  nosocomial route

C  respiratory membrane

D  prodromal route

E  none of the above

A  infection rate

B  death rate

C  number of prevalence

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

B  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

A  epidemic.

B  endemic.

C  sporadic.

D  pandemic.

A  size

B  temperature

C  time

D  location

A  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases