Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all microorganisms the human body

C  all microorganisms of the same species

D  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

A  7

B  14

C  8

D  1.5

E  7.5

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

C  time of infection and recovery

D  the time of infection and death

A  a flask with a gauze covering

B  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

C  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

D  a Swan necked flask

A  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

B  a milder disease will result.

C  a more severe disease will result.

D  a different disease of the same severity will result.

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  ionic bond.

B  polar-covalent bond.

C  non-polar covalent bond

D  hydrogen bond.

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

C  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

D  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

A  threshold immunity

B  vicarious immunity

C  resistance effect

D  herd immunity

A  cells

B  air

C  bacteria

D  disease

A  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

B  pH has no effect on virulence.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

A  an infection the spreads in a hospital

B  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

C  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  individuals

B  animals.

C  states.

D  insects.

E  continents.

A  commensalism

B  pathogenicity

C  parasitism

D  mutualism

A  mitochondrial

B  fats

C  appearance

D  DNA

E  Gram stains

A  vector-borne infections

B  community infections

C  social infections

D  nosocomial infections

A  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

B  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

A  incubation

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  convalescence

D  illness

E  prodromal

F  decline

A  vector

B  reservoir

C  source

D  hot zone

A  lethal point

B  penetration point

C  infectious point

D  portal of entry

A  10 times more acidic

B  3 times more acidic

C  100 times more acidic

D  30 times more acidic

E  1000 times more acidic

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  oxygen

B  dust

C  carbon dioxide

D  sunlight

E  air

A  human hands

B  towels

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  door handles

E  needles

F  none of the above is correct

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

C  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

D  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

E  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

F  none of the above is correct

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of atoms

B  their outer shell is full of protons

C  their outer shell is full of neutrons

D  their outer shell is full of electrons

A  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

B  genetic profile

C  human behavior

D  environmental conditions

A  the placenta

B  the digestive tract

C  the respiratory tract

D  the urinary tract

E  the eyes and skin

A  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

B  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

C  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

D  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

A  it is not human pathogen

B  it is highly virulent

C  it is a sporadic infection

D  its virulence is low

E  none of the above are correct

A  sporadic

B  pandemic

C  epidemic

D  endemic

A  prevalence

B  morbidity

C  incidence

D  mortality

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

B  2, 8, 18, 2

C  2, 8, 18

D  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

A  ignorance almost always makes them worse

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

D  social isolation never makes them go away

A  mutualistic.

B  commensals.

C  parasites.

D  pathogens.

A  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

B  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

C  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

C  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

D  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  an infected host organism

C  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

B  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  octet electrons

B  inert electrons

C  valence electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

C  more than one of the above is correct

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

F  none of the above is correct

A  common source

B  partial

C  nosocomial

D  opportunistic

A  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

B  both A & B are correct

C  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

E  none of the above

A  parenteral route.

B  prodromal route

C  respiratory membrane

D  nosocomial route

E  none of the above

A  number of incidences

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  number of prevalence

D  death rate

E  infection rate

F  none of the above is correct

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

D  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

A  pandemic.

B  epidemic.

C  endemic.

D  sporadic.

A  size

B  temperature

C  time

D  location

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics

C  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

D  they always are transmitted from the same vector