Lecture Exam 1

A  all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

B  all of the microorganisms involved in symbiotic relationships

C  all microorganisms the human body

D  all microorganisms of the same species

A  8

B  7

C  14

D  7.5

E  1.5

A  appearance of clinical symptoms and death

B  time of infection and recovery

C  the time of infection and death

D  the initial infection and appearance of clinical symptoms

A  a flask that was open for one week and sealed for another week

B  a flask that was sealed and turned upside down

C  a flask with a gauze covering

D  a Swan necked flask

A  a milder disease will result.

B  pathogens cannot enter by alternate routes.

C  a different disease of the same severity will result.

D  a more severe disease will result.

A  a parasite that kills its host

B  a virus that does nothing to humans

C  a parasite that infects dogs

D  a microbe that causes disease in humans

A  hydrogen bond.

B  non-polar covalent bond

C  polar-covalent bond.

D  ionic bond.

A  refers to the proportion of fatal cases among those that have the disease

B  refers to the proportion of living cases among those that have the disease

C  is exactly the same for every infectious outbreak in recent history

D  refers to the number of people an infected person will infect with the virus

A  threshold immunity

B  herd immunity

C  vicarious immunity

D  resistance effect

A  air

B  disease

C  cells

D  bacteria

A  pH has no effect on virulence.

B  stomach acid is not an important factor in determining virulence.

C  stomach acid increases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae

D  stomach acid decreases the virulence of Vibrio cholerae.

A  an infection that spreads from an animal to a human

B  an infection whose spread cannot be controlled

C  an infection the spreads in a hospital

D  an infection that spreads between two humans

A  insects.

B  continents.

C  individuals

D  animals.

E  states.

A  commensalism

B  parasitism

C  mutualism

D  pathogenicity

A  Gram stains

B  mitochondrial

C  appearance

D  DNA

E  fats

A  nosocomial infections

B  social infections

C  community infections

D  vector-borne infections

A  convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline

B  incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

C  illness, convalescence, incubation, prodromal period, decline

D  incubation, convalescence, prodromal period, illness, decline

E  prodromal period, convalescence, incubation, illness, decline

A  illness

B  incubation

C  prodromal

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  decline

F  convalescence

A  vector

B  source

C  reservoir

D  hot zone

A  infectious point

B  lethal point

C  portal of entry

D  penetration point

A  100 times more acidic

B  1000 times more acidic

C  30 times more acidic

D  10 times more acidic

E  3 times more acidic

A  the number of microorganisms infecting the host

B  the virulence of the organism

C  the number of microorganisms infecting the host, the virulence of the organism, and the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

D  the host’s defenses or degree of resistance

E  none of the above are correct

A  oxygen

B  sunlight

C  dust

D  air

E  carbon dioxide

A  human hands

B  more than one of the above is correct

C  door handles

D  towels

E  needles

F  none of the above is correct

A  increase the pH so that the antibiotic does not work

B  change the antibiotic structure so that it cannot function

C  change the microorganismâ s targeted cell structure

D  more than one of the above is correct

E  move to a new location where there is no antibiotic

F  none of the above is correct

A  matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

B  energy is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

C  energy and matter is neither created nor destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

D  neither energy and matter can be created and destroyed in physical or chemical processes.

A  their outer shell is full of neutrons

B  their outer shell is full of atoms

C  their outer shell is full of electrons

D  their outer shell is full of protons

A  human behavior

B  genetic profile

C  genetic profile, human behavior, and environmental conditions

D  environmental conditions

A  the eyes and skin

B  the digestive tract

C  the urinary tract

D  the placenta

E  the respiratory tract

A  the organism must be isolated in pure culture from the lab animal

B  the isolated organism must be inoculated in a human and cause disease

C  the microorganism must be isolated in pure culture

D  the organism must be isolated in all cases of disease

A  it is a sporadic infection

B  its virulence is low

C  it is not human pathogen

D  it is highly virulent

E  none of the above are correct

A  sporadic

B  pandemic

C  endemic

D  epidemic

A  incidence

B  mortality

C  prevalence

D  morbidity

A  2, 8, 18, 8, 5

B  2, 8, 18, 8, 2

C  2, 8, 18, 2

D  2, 8, 18

A  they only affect poor, less affluent countries

B  they usually end with very minimal loss of human life

C  social isolation never makes them go away

D  ignorance almost always makes them worse

A  parasites.

B  mutualistic.

C  commensals.

D  pathogens.

A  Needham covered his flasks with gauze after boiling the media

B  Spallanzani covered his flasks with gauze before boiling

C  Needham did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

D  Spallanzani did not cover his flasks after boiling the media

A  the flask allowed fresh air to directly contact the medium

B  the experimenter could look for contamination without disturbing theexperiment.

C  the flask had a glass barrier that prevented contamination.

D  the flask could be heated media in order to prevent microbial growth.

A  a place the microbe resides during an infection.

B  a place for the microbe to live before and after infection.

C  an infected host organism

D  the animal or object that transmits the infectious disease to humans

A  isolate microorganisms from diseased animals.

B  clearly identify and characterize a particular microorganism.

C  develop vaccines for specific diseases.

D  demonstrate that a disease is caused by a specific microorganism.

A  valence electrons

B  inert electrons

C  octet electrons

D  reactive electrons

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  transmitting infectious water droplets through laughing

C  transmitting infectious water droplets through sweating

D  transmitting infectious water droplets through sneezing

E  transmitting infectious water droplets through the rain

F  none of the above is correct

A  nosocomial

B  opportunistic

C  partial

D  common source

A  the number of protons in the outer valance shell

B  both A & B are correct

C  the number of neutrons in the outer valence shell

D  the number of electrons in the outer valence shell

E  none of the above

A  prodromal route

B  nosocomial route

C  parenteral route.

D  respiratory membrane

E  none of the above

A  more than one of the above is correct

B  infection rate

C  number of prevalence

D  death rate

E  number of incidences

F  none of the above is correct

A  living cells can only arise from preexisting living cells

B  oxygen is necessary for living organisms

C  Microorganisms can be generated for nonliving matter

D  nonliving matter gives rise to living organisms

A  sporadic.

B  epidemic.

C  endemic.

D  pandemic.

A  temperature

B  time

C  location

D  size

A  when humans are the final spill over recipient, the virulence increases

B  they often involve several animals before they transmit to humans

C  they always are transmitted from the same vector

D  they can be detected before they outbreak into pandemics