Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased sympathetic stimulation

B  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

C  Increased blood volume

D  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

E  Increased venous return

A  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

B  Increase heart rate

C  Decrease heart rate

D  Increase stroke volume

E  Decrease stroke volume

A  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

B  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

C  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

D  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

E  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Somatostatin

B  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

C  CCK

D  Histamine

E  Gastrin

F  Acetylcholine

A  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

B  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

C  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

D  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

E  It emulsifies lipids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

B  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

C  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

D  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

E  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  segmentation.

B  peristalsis.

C  distension.

D  eccentric.

E  mass movement.

A  ferritin.

B  glycogen.

C  hemochromatosis.

D  myoglobin.

E  transferrin.

A  The glottis closes.

B  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

C  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

D  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

E  Respiration is inhibited.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

C  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

A  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

B  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

C  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

D  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

E  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Immediate hypersensitivity

B  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

C  Delayed hypersensitivity

D  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

A  monocytes.

B  memory cells.

C  macrophages.

D  cytokines.

E  T cells.

A  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

B  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

C  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

D  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

E  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

A  Antibodies

B  Type 2 interferons

C  Type 1 interferons

D  Interleukin 2

E  Colony-stimulating factors

A  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

B  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

C  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

D  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

E  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Respiratory acidosis

B  Respiratory alkalosis

C  Metabolic acidosis

D  Metabolic alkalosis

E  Increased blood P CO2

A  Breathing carbon monoxide

B  Breathing air with increased PCO2

C  Higher than normal arterial pH

D  Iron-deficiency anemia

E  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  As dissolved CO 2

B  Bound to hemoglobin

C  As dissolved HCO 3 –

D  As carbonic anhydrase

E  AsH 2CO 3

A  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

B  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

C  sympathetic; contraction; increase

D  motor; contraction; decrease

E  motor; contraction; increase

A  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

B  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

C  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

C  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

D  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

E  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

A  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

A  Cholinergic antagonist

B  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

C  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

D  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

E  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the skeletal muscles

B  the heart.

C  the brain.

D  the skin.

E  the abdominal organs.

A  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

B  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

C  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

D  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

E  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

A  Total peripheral resistance

B  Cardiac output

C  Heart rate

D  Mean arterial pressure

E  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Kidney disease

B  Lung disease

C  Dietary iron deficiency

D  Internal bleeding

E  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

A  coronary vessels.

B  desmosomes.

C  gap junctions.

D  interneurons.

E  valves.