Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

B  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

C  Increased sympathetic stimulation

D  Increased venous return

E  Increased blood volume

A  Decrease stroke volume

B  Increase heart rate

C  Increase stroke volume

D  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

E  Decrease heart rate

A  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

B  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

C  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

D  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

E  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  CCK

B  Somatostatin

C  Gastrin

D  Acetylcholine

E  Histamine

F  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

A  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

B  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

C  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

D  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

E  It emulsifies lipids.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

B  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

C  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

D  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

E  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  eccentric.

B  peristalsis.

C  distension.

D  mass movement.

E  segmentation.

A  glycogen.

B  ferritin.

C  transferrin.

D  myoglobin.

E  hemochromatosis.

A  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

B  The glottis closes.

C  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

D  Respiration is inhibited.

E  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

B  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

C  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

A  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

B  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

C  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

D  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

E  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Delayed hypersensitivity

B  Immediate hypersensitivity

C  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

D  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

A  macrophages.

B  monocytes.

C  cytokines.

D  memory cells.

E  T cells.

A  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

B  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

C  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

D  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

E  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

A  Type 1 interferons

B  Interleukin 2

C  Colony-stimulating factors

D  Antibodies

E  Type 2 interferons

A  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

B  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

C  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

D  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

E  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Respiratory acidosis

B  Increased blood P CO2

C  Metabolic alkalosis

D  Metabolic acidosis

E  Respiratory alkalosis

A  Breathing air with increased PCO2

B  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

C  Higher than normal arterial pH

D  Iron-deficiency anemia

E  Breathing carbon monoxide

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Bound to hemoglobin

B  As dissolved HCO 3 –

C  As dissolved CO 2

D  AsH 2CO 3

E  As carbonic anhydrase

A  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

B  sympathetic; contraction; increase

C  motor; contraction; decrease

D  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

E  motor; contraction; increase

A  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

B  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

C  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

C  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

D  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

E  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

A  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

A  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

B  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

C  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

D  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

E  Cholinergic antagonist

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the abdominal organs.

B  the heart.

C  the skeletal muscles

D  the brain.

E  the skin.

A  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

B  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

C  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

D  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

E  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

A  Heart rate

B  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

C  Total peripheral resistance

D  Mean arterial pressure

E  Cardiac output

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Lung disease

B  Kidney disease

C  Dietary iron deficiency

D  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

E  Internal bleeding

A  gap junctions.

B  valves.

C  desmosomes.

D  coronary vessels.

E  interneurons.