Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

B  Increased venous return

C  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

D  Increased blood volume

E  Increased sympathetic stimulation

A  Increase stroke volume

B  Decrease heart rate

C  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

D  Increase heart rate

E  Decrease stroke volume

A  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

B  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

C  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

D  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

E  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Histamine

B  CCK

C  Gastrin

D  Acetylcholine

E  Somatostatin

F  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

A  It emulsifies lipids.

B  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

C  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

D  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

E  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

B  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

C  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

D  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

E  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  peristalsis.

B  eccentric.

C  distension.

D  segmentation.

E  mass movement.

A  myoglobin.

B  hemochromatosis.

C  glycogen.

D  ferritin.

E  transferrin.

A  The glottis closes.

B  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

C  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

D  Respiration is inhibited.

E  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

B  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

C  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

D  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

E  gamma immunoglobulin only.

A  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

B  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

C  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

D  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

E  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

B  Delayed hypersensitivity

C  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

D  Immediate hypersensitivity

A  macrophages.

B  memory cells.

C  T cells.

D  cytokines.

E  monocytes.

A  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

B  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

C  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

D  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

E  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

A  Colony-stimulating factors

B  Type 1 interferons

C  Type 2 interferons

D  Antibodies

E  Interleukin 2

A  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

B  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

C  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

D  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

E  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Metabolic acidosis

B  Respiratory alkalosis

C  Metabolic alkalosis

D  Increased blood P CO2

E  Respiratory acidosis

A  Breathing carbon monoxide

B  Higher than normal arterial pH

C  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

D  Breathing air with increased PCO2

E  Iron-deficiency anemia

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  As dissolved HCO 3 –

B  As carbonic anhydrase

C  As dissolved CO 2

D  Bound to hemoglobin

E  AsH 2CO 3

A  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

B  motor; contraction; decrease

C  motor; contraction; increase

D  sympathetic; contraction; increase

E  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

A  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

B  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

C  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

C  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

D  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

E  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

A  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

B  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

D  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

A  Cholinergic antagonist

B  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

C  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

D  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

E  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  the brain.

B  the heart.

C  the skeletal muscles

D  the abdominal organs.

E  the skin.

A  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

B  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

C  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

D  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

E  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

A  Mean arterial pressure

B  Cardiac output

C  Heart rate

D  Total peripheral resistance

E  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

B  Dietary iron deficiency

C  Lung disease

D  Internal bleeding

E  Kidney disease

A  desmosomes.

B  gap junctions.

C  interneurons.

D  valves.

E  coronary vessels.