Lecture Exam 3

A  Increased parasympathetic stimulation

B  Increased venous return

C  Increased blood volume

D  Increased activity of the skeletal muscle pump

E  Increased sympathetic stimulation

A  Increase total peripheral resistance (TPR)

B  Decrease heart rate

C  Decrease stroke volume

D  Increase stroke volume

E  Increase heart rate

A  making the children sit on the toilet until they defecate at least once a day.

B  feeding the children foods with more lipid content.

C  avoiding foods that can lead to accumulation of toxins in feces.

D  avoiding milk, the children may be lactose intolerant.

E  feeding the children foods with a high proportion of cellulose and other indigestible carbohydrates.

A  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates emptying of the stomach.

B  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of gastrin, which in turn stimulates bile synthesis in the gallbladder.

C  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of CCK, which in turn stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes.

D  The presence of fatty acids in the duodenum stimulates the secretion of secretin, which in turn stimulates contraction of the gallbladder.

E  The presence of fatty acids in the stomach stimulates the secretion of secretin, whichinhibits motility of the large intestine.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Histamine, Gastrin and Acetylcholine

B  Gastrin

C  Acetylcholine

D  Histamine

E  CCK

F  Somatostatin

A  It is secreted by the endocrine pancreas.

B  It is mainly produced in the liver, and secreted into the small intestine.

C  It emulsifies lipids.

D  It is produced in the exocrine pancreas, and catalyzes the degradation of chylomicrons into proteins and fats.

E  It catalyzes the breakdown of triglycerides into monoglycerides and free fatty acids.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Digestible polysaccharides are broken down into the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose, which can be absorbed.

B  Lactose intolerance results from an insufficiency of the enzyme amylase.

C  Carbohydrate digestion begins in the stomach.

D  Cellulose from plants is a polymer of glucose that can be easily digested and absorbed by the human GI tract.

E  Sucrose is the main form of carbohydrate that can be absorbed by active transport across the intestinal epithelium.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  eccentric.

B  segmentation.

C  mass movement.

D  distension.

E  peristalsis.

A  transferrin.

B  hemochromatosis.

C  glycogen.

D  myoglobin.

E  ferritin.

A  The upper esophageal sphincter relaxes.

B  The glottis closes.

C  The lower esophageal sphincter relaxes.

D  The pyloric sphincter relaxes.

E  Respiration is inhibited.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

B  the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

C  the light immunoglobulin chain only.

D  gamma immunoglobulin only.

E  a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

A  They may have genetic information in the form of RNA.

B  They consist of a nucleic acid surrounded by a carbohydrate shell.

C  They may cause a host cell to become cancerous.

D  They may reside in a host cell for years without killing it.

E  They require a host cell in order to reproduce themselves.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cytotoxic hypersensitivity

B  Immune-complex hypersensitivity

C  Delayed hypersensitivity

D  Immediate hypersensitivity

A  memory cells.

B  macrophages.

C  monocytes.

D  T cells.

E  cytokines.

A  The risk to anRh-positive fetus of an Rh-negative mother is lessened if she haspreviously carried anRh-negative fetus.

B  An Rh-negative fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-positive.

C  A fetus with type B blood may be at risk if its mother has type O blood.

D  An Rh-positive fetus may be at risk if its mother is Rh-negative.

E  The greatest risk to a fetus occurs when both mother and fetus are Rh-positive.

A  Colony-stimulating factors

B  Type 1 interferons

C  Interleukin 2

D  Type 2 interferons

E  Antibodies

A  The primary lymphoid organs are the bone marrow and thymus.

B  Once a lymphocyte reaches a secondary lymphoid organ, it remains there for its lifetime.

C  The tonsils contain lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells that respond to microbes in food.

D  The thymus secretes protein hormones, collectively called thymopoietins.

E  Large numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes are found in the lymph nodes and spleen.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Respiratory alkalosis

B  Metabolic acidosis

C  Increased blood P CO2

D  Metabolic alkalosis

E  Respiratory acidosis

A  Higher than normal arterial pH

B  Lower than normal arterial PCO2

C  Breathing carbon monoxide

D  Breathing air with increased PCO2

E  Iron-deficiency anemia

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  AsH 2CO 3

B  As carbonic anhydrase

C  As dissolved CO 2

D  Bound to hemoglobin

E  As dissolved HCO 3 –

A  sympathetic; contraction; increase

B  motor; contraction; decrease

C  motor; contraction; increase

D  parasympathetic; contraction; decrease

E  sympathetic; relaxation; increase

A  No change from sea level, as long as we breathe in the same volume of air.

B  Alveolar PO 2 increases.

C  Alveolar PO 2 decreases.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular diastole

B  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular ejection

C  Some backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular systole

D  Some backflow of blood into the aorta during ventricular ejection

E  Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

A  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

B  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the hydrostatic pressure.

C  More fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

D  Less fluid than usual will flow out of the capillary based on the osmotic pressure.

A  Alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists

B  Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists

C  A drug that increases T-type Ca 2+ channel currents

D  Cholinergic antagonist

E  A drug that increasesL-type Ca 2+ channel currents

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  the abdominal organs.

B  the skin.

C  the brain.

D  the skeletal muscles

E  the heart.

A  Blood clots are digested by plasmin.

B  Activation of the reactions that lead to blood clotting ultimately lead to blood clot dissolution.

C  It involves aggregation of soluble fibrin fragments into fibrin.

D  Plasminogen is an inactive precursor of the enzyme plasmin.

E  Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is secreted by endothelial cells.

A  Cardiac output

B  Total peripheral resistance

C  Mean arterial pressure

D  Heart rate

E  Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Internal bleeding

B  Dietary vitamin B12 deficiency

C  Dietary iron deficiency

D  Lung disease

E  Kidney disease

A  interneurons.

B  valves.

C  coronary vessels.

D  gap junctions.

E  desmosomes.