Lab Exam 1

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Question #1

Increased hematocrit would cause an increase in blood ___________

A viscosity

B radius

C pressure

D flow

Question #2

What is the principal way to control blood flow?

A decreasing calcium concentration

B increasing temperature

C stimulation by growth hormone

D controlling blood vessel radius

Question #3

Which of the following would lead to a drop in blood pressure?

A vasoconstriction

B increase in blood viscosity

C increase in blood vessel length

D vasodilation

Question #4

The opening of the blood vessel where the blood flows is called the

A lumen

B laminar flow

C tunic

D valve

Question #5

How would an increase in the pressure gradient alter blood flow?

A increase blood flow

B decrease blood flow

C no change in blood flow

Question #6

The time after an action potential when a cardiac muscle fiber can not fire another action potential no matter the intensity of the stimulus is the ______________

A absolute refractory period

B tetani

C wave summation

D relative refractory period

Question #7

A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker. How might we expect this medication to effect his heart contractility?

A increase force of heart contractility

B reduce force of heart contractility

C no change in force of heart contractility

Question #8

What do we call the cluster of autorhythmic cardiac cells in right atrium?

A AV node

B purkinje fibers

C sinoatrial node

D AV bundle

Question #9

A patient is prescribed a calcium channel blocker. How might we expect this medication to effect his heart rate?

A reduce his heart rate

B increase his heart rate

C no change in his heart rate

Question #10

How might excessive vagal stimulation effect heart rate?

A decrease heart rate

B increase heart rate

Question #11

Diabetes mellitus type I is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to

A decreased insulin sensitivity by cells

B low levels of insulin produced by the pancreas

C normal levels of insulin from the pancreas

D increased growth hormone production

Question #12

An enlarged thyroid gland is referred to as ___________

A basal cell carcinoma

B pheochromocytoma

C adenohypophysis

D adenocarcinoma

E goiter

Question #13

How would elevated thyroxine levels influence thyroid stimulating hormone levels?

A it would decrease TSH

B it would increase TSH

C it would cause no change

Question #14

How might a thyroidectomized rat recover its basal metabolic rate?

A Giving the rat exogenous thyroid stimulating hormone

B Giving the rat exogenous thyroxine

C Giving the rat exogenous thyroid releasing hormone

D Giving the rat exogenous growth hormone

Question #15

How might a hypophysectomized rat recover its basal metabolic rate?

A Giving the rat exogenous growth hormone

B Giving the rat exogenous aldosterone

C Giving the rat exogenous thyroid releasing hormone

D Giving the rat exogenous calcitonin

Question #16

What is the role of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A inhibits the production of thyroxine

B stimulates ovarian follicle growth

C stimulates the release of prolactin by pituitary gland

D stimulates release of aldosterone by pituitary gland

Question #17

What is the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) ?

A inhibits the production of thyroxine

B inhibits the production of thyroid releasing hormone

C it stimulates more production of thyroxine

D it stimulates the production of thyroid stimulating hormone

Question #18

____________ is a quantitative measurement of the mineral content of bone (screen for osteoporosis)

A heart rate

B thermodynamics

C blood pressure

D T score

Question #19

A single electrical stimulus on a muscle fiber will result in a

A temporal summation

B fused tetanus

C muscle twitch

D unfused tetanus

Question #20

Increasing the stimulus frequency high enough so that the muscle twitches fuse with one another is called?

A complete tetanus

B muscle twitch

C muscle tone

D incomplete tetanus

Question #21

What do we call the phenomenon of increasing muscle tension caused by increasing the stimulus frequency?

A muscle tone

B stimulus threshold

C muscle relaxation

D wave summation

Question #22

A motor unit consists of

A a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

B the muscle fibers it innervates

C the spinal cord and the muscle fibers it innervates

D a motor neuron

E a sympathetic neuron

Question #23

What happened to our muscle experiment when we zapped our muscle beyond maximal voltage?

A the muscle burned

B maximum muscle tension stayed the same

C the muscle tension continued to increase exponentially

D muscle tension dropped back down to resting muscle tension

Question #24

In our muscle physiology lab we measured the threshold voltage of our experimental muscle. What is threshold voltage?

A the smallest stimulus required for a muscle to reach maximum muscle tension

B smallest stimulus required to induce an action potential on a muscle fiber’s sarcolemma

C the highest stimulus required to reach unfused tetani

D the smallest stimulus required to fused tetani

Question #25

What neurotransmitter is released by a motor neuron at the neuromuscular junction?

A epinephrine

B acetylcholine

C acetylcholinesterase

D serotonin

E norepinephrine

Question #26

_______________ is the time after an action potential that can fire another action potential if the stimulus intensity is high enough

A inhibition period

B tetanus

C relative refractory period

D absolute refractory period

Question #27

Which of the following would exhibit a faster action potential conduction velocity?

A larger axon diameter

B smaller axon diameter

Question #28

In a resting neuron, the sodium (Na+) concentration is higher ____________

A extracelluarly

B intracellularly

C extracellular = intracellular concentrations

Question #29

Depolarization of a neuron is due to ____________

A influx of sodium ions into the neuron

B efflux of potassium ion out of the neuron

C influx of potassium ions into the neuron

D efflux of sodium ion out of the neuron

Question #30

Which of the following would exhibit a faster action potential conduction velocity ?

A myelinated axons

B unmyelinated axons

Question #31

The distal end of an axon where neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles is called _______

A synaptic cleft

B axon hillock

C nodes of Ranvier

D axon terminal

Question #32

What mineral plays a crucial role in the release of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal?

A calcium

B zinc

C sodium

D potassium

Question #33

Which of the following dyes would diffuse the fastest?

A Dye D which has a molecular weight of 354.7 g/mol

B Dye C which has a molecular weight of 137.8 g/mol

C Dye B which has a molecular weight of 32.9 g/mol

D Dye A which has a molecular weight of 24.5 g/mol

Question #34

In our facilitated diffusion lab, we used glucose carrier proteins to facilitate the diffusion of glucose molecules across the membrane. What is the term that describes when all carrier proteins are occupied and not available to transport glucose across the membrane?

A osmolarity

B osmosis

C equilibrium

D saturation

Question #35

A hypertonic solution is

A a solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration

B a solution with the same concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration

C a solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular concentration

D none of the above

Question #36

Diffusion is the random movement of molecules from an area of _________ to ________ concentration, until equilibrium is reached.

A high; low

B low; high

C none of the above

Question #37

Osmosis is the random movement of _______ molecules, through a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of _________ to ________ osmolarity, until equilibrium is reached.

A water; high; low

B solute; low; high

C solute; high; low

D water; low; high

Question #38

How did increasing the concentration gradient (difference) across the membrane influence the rate of diffusion?

A decreased the rate of diffusion

B increased the temperature of our solution

C no change in rate of diffusion

D increased the rate of diffusion

Question #39

In our salivary amylase (enzyme) lab we used controls to confirm the validity of our experiment. When all the required substances are included in an experiment, a positive control should give us a

A positive result

B negative result

Question #40

How did the activity of amylase change when we boiled the enzyme?

A No answer text provided.

B increased amylase activity

C no change in amylase activity

D reduced amylase activity

Question #41

Enzymes work as biological catalysts by ________________

A raising the temperature of a molecule

B causing water to dissociate

C lowering the activation energy required for a chemical reaction

D freezing the substrate that binds to that enzyme

Question #42

An unknown solution was boiled for 5 minutes with Benedict’s reagent. The color of the solution went from blue to orange. What is present in the solution?

A maltose

B amino acids

C protein

D lipids

E starch

Question #43

What are the monomers of starch?

A lipids

B triglycerides

C amino acids

D monosaccharides

E nucleic acids

Question #44

What is the substrate of the amylase enzyme?

A nucleic acids

B glucose

C protein

D starch

E lipids

Question #45

Lugol’s iodine (IKI) reagent is used to determine the presence of which of the following?

A lipids

B potassium permanganate

C DNA

D starch

E protein

Question #46

Lugol’s iodine (IKI) test will turn what color in the presence of starch ?

A light blue

B red

C blue-black

D pink

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