Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lecture Exam 1
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A Paracrine
B collagen cells
C muscle cell
D epithelial cells
Question #2
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #3
A The same effects from heroin plus additional effects of naloxone
B A decrease in the effects of heroin
C A new set of effects unlike those of heroin alone
D An increase in the effects of heroin
Question #4
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #5
A It is the first messenger that binds to the integral membrane protein receptor.
B It binds to the endoplasmic reticulum and causes therelease ofinositol trisphosphate
C It phosphorylates cell proteins.
D It splits and activates G-protein subunits.
E Along with diacylglycerol, it activates protein kinase C.
Question #6
A Sodium
B Thyroid hormone
C Cyclic AMP
D Protein kinase
E Glucose
Question #7
A Some cellular receptors have such low affinity for chemical ligands that it can require a million or more molecules to activate them.
B When the extracellular concentration of a chemical messenger reaches a very high level, it overwhelms transporter molecules and the chemical floods into the cell.
C Only hydrophilic first-messenger molecules can activate second-messenger molecules within the cell cytosol.
D A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
Question #8
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #9
A Increasing the availability of phosphodiesterase molecules
B Inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity
C Acting as an agonist on the receptor for epinephrine, a hormone that increases heart contractility
D Increasing the expression of Camp
E Decreasing the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
Question #10
A Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activates two kinds of enzymes.
B Cyclic AMP directly activates enzymes that catabolize glycogen and fat.
C Epinephrine is binding to two types of receptors in the plasma membrane.
D The activated receptor complex stimulates production of two different second messengers.
Question #11
A There are two types of epinephrine receptors with different affinities for epinephrine that use two different second-messenger systems.
B At higher concentrations epinephrine can pass through the plasma membrane and directly stimulate contraction within the cell.
C There is one type of epinephrine receptor that uses two second-messenger systems.
D There are two types of receptors for epinephrine that use the same second-messenger system.
Question #12
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #13
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #14
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #15
A Charged particles
B Solutes
C Lipid molecules
D Water
E Glucose
Question #16
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #17
A Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.
B Substance Y will diffuse faster.
C Substance X will diffuse faster.
Question #18
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #19
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #20
A The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.
B Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.
C Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.
D Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic
E The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.
Question #21
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #22
A Active transport of H + from the basolateral side to the lumen
B Active transport of Na + from the lumen to the basolateral side
C Opening of aquaporins on the apical membrane
D Facilitated diffusion of glucose to the bloodstream from the lumen
E Tightening the tight junctions between epithelial cells
Question #23
A are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.
B have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”
C are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.
D are catalysts in chemical reactions.
E can be carbohydrate molecules.
Question #24
A phospholipids and proteins.
B phospholipids and nucleic acids.
C water.
D proteins and glycocalyx.
E cytosol.
Question #25
A They perform the opposite function as phosphatases.
B They remove phosphate groups from proteins.
C They add phosphate groups to proteins.
D They use ATP to carry out their reactions.
E They produce effects similar to allosteric modulation.
Question #26
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #27
A When present, it increases the binding of a ligand to its receptor.
B It decreases the amount of ligand required to activate the protein.
C It blocks the binding of the ligand to its binding site and prevents activation of the protein.
D It binds to a different binding site on the protein, altering the protein shape so that a ligand cannot bind.
Question #28
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #29
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #30
A 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP
B 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH
C 2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water
D 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate
E 2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP
Question #31
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #32
A All of the molecules will move freely in the lipid bilayer.
B Cholesterol will migrate away from phospholipids and toward proteins.
C Cholesterol will be excluded from the bilayer and will no longer be associated with phospholipids because they have different properties.
D Cholesterol will associate with adjacent phospholipid molecules and stay near them.
Question #33
A Results in molecules with an even number of carbon atoms only
B The enzymes that catalyze it are in the same location as those that mediate fatty acid catabolism
C Requires more energy than is produced by the catabolism of the same fatty acid
D Begins with a molecule of acetyl coenzyme A
E Takes place in the cytosol of cells
Question #34
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #35
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #36
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #37
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #38
A Increase blood glucose level
B No effect on blood glucose level
C Decrease blood glucose level
Question #39
A You are likely to find all of these within a single protein.
B Ionic bonds
C Hydrogen bonds
D Hydrophobic interactions
E Disulfide bridges
Question #40
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #41
A bipolar.
B unipolar.
C hydrophobic.
D hydrophilic.
E amphipathic.
Question #42
A The number of protons
B The number of bonds it can form
C The number of neutrons
D The ratio of protons to electrons
E The number of electrons
Question #43
A Hydrogen bonds
B Van der Waals forces
C Covalent bonds between two cysteine amino acids
D Ionic bonds
E Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases
Question #44
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #45
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #46
A They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment.
B They are cyclical, like the 28-day female menstrual cycle.
C They repeat approximately every 24 hours, like daily spikes in hormone secretion.
D They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment.
E They are voluntary rhythms, like the time you decide to eat lunch each day.
Question #47
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #48
A After going outside on a hot day, the core body temperature increases.
B Increasing the size of fast-food restaurant portions causes body weight to increase.
C A person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat profusely.
D After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase.
E As age increases, the amount of calcium in bones tends to decrease.
Question #49
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #50
A Positive feedback
B Developmental acclimatization
C Feedforward regulation
D Physiological acclimatization
E Evolution
Question #51
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #52
A Integrating center, receptor, afferent pathway, efferent pathway, effector
B Receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
C Effector, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, receptor
D Receptor, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, effector
E Effector, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, receptor