Navigation » List of Schools » East Los Angeles College » Physiology » Physiology 001 – Introduction to Human Physiology » Winter 2021 » Lecture Exam 1
Below are the questions for the exam with the choices of answers:
Question #1
A Paracrine
B muscle cell
C collagen cells
D epithelial cells
Question #2
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #3
A A new set of effects unlike those of heroin alone
B An increase in the effects of heroin
C The same effects from heroin plus additional effects of naloxone
D A decrease in the effects of heroin
Question #4
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #5
A It is the first messenger that binds to the integral membrane protein receptor.
B Along with diacylglycerol, it activates protein kinase C.
C It phosphorylates cell proteins.
D It splits and activates G-protein subunits.
E It binds to the endoplasmic reticulum and causes therelease ofinositol trisphosphate
Question #6
A Cyclic AMP
B Glucose
C Sodium
D Thyroid hormone
E Protein kinase
Question #7
A Only hydrophilic first-messenger molecules can activate second-messenger molecules within the cell cytosol.
B Some cellular receptors have such low affinity for chemical ligands that it can require a million or more molecules to activate them.
C A single first-messenger molecule activates multiple second-messenger molecules, each of which activate thousands of enzymes.
D When the extracellular concentration of a chemical messenger reaches a very high level, it overwhelms transporter molecules and the chemical floods into the cell.
Question #8
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #9
A Increasing the availability of phosphodiesterase molecules
B Increasing the expression of Camp
C Inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity
D Acting as an agonist on the receptor for epinephrine, a hormone that increases heart contractility
E Decreasing the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase
Question #10
A The activated receptor complex stimulates production of two different second messengers.
B Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activates two kinds of enzymes.
C Cyclic AMP directly activates enzymes that catabolize glycogen and fat.
D Epinephrine is binding to two types of receptors in the plasma membrane.
Question #11
A There are two types of receptors for epinephrine that use the same second-messenger system.
B There are two types of epinephrine receptors with different affinities for epinephrine that use two different second-messenger systems.
C At higher concentrations epinephrine can pass through the plasma membrane and directly stimulate contraction within the cell.
D There is one type of epinephrine receptor that uses two second-messenger systems.
Question #12
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #13
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #14
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #15
A Solutes
B Lipid molecules
C Water
D Charged particles
E Glucose
Question #16
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #17
A Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.
B Substance Y will diffuse faster.
C Substance X will diffuse faster.
Question #18
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #19
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #20
A Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.
B The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.
C Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.
D Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic
E The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.
Question #21
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #22
A Facilitated diffusion of glucose to the bloodstream from the lumen
B Active transport of Na + from the lumen to the basolateral side
C Tightening the tight junctions between epithelial cells
D Opening of aquaporins on the apical membrane
E Active transport of H + from the basolateral side to the lumen
Question #23
A are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.
B can be carbohydrate molecules.
C have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”
D are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.
E are catalysts in chemical reactions.
Question #24
A water.
B proteins and glycocalyx.
C phospholipids and nucleic acids.
D cytosol.
E phospholipids and proteins.
Question #25
A They produce effects similar to allosteric modulation.
B They remove phosphate groups from proteins.
C They perform the opposite function as phosphatases.
D They add phosphate groups to proteins.
E They use ATP to carry out their reactions.
Question #26
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #27
A It binds to a different binding site on the protein, altering the protein shape so that a ligand cannot bind.
B It decreases the amount of ligand required to activate the protein.
C It blocks the binding of the ligand to its binding site and prevents activation of the protein.
D When present, it increases the binding of a ligand to its receptor.
Question #28
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #29
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #30
A 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate
B 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP
C 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH
D 2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water
E 2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP
Question #31
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #32
A Cholesterol will associate with adjacent phospholipid molecules and stay near them.
B Cholesterol will be excluded from the bilayer and will no longer be associated with phospholipids because they have different properties.
C All of the molecules will move freely in the lipid bilayer.
D Cholesterol will migrate away from phospholipids and toward proteins.
Question #33
A Takes place in the cytosol of cells
B Requires more energy than is produced by the catabolism of the same fatty acid
C Results in molecules with an even number of carbon atoms only
D Begins with a molecule of acetyl coenzyme A
E The enzymes that catalyze it are in the same location as those that mediate fatty acid catabolism
Question #34
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #35
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #36
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #37
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #38
A Decrease blood glucose level
B No effect on blood glucose level
C Increase blood glucose level
Question #39
A Disulfide bridges
B Hydrogen bonds
C Ionic bonds
D Hydrophobic interactions
E You are likely to find all of these within a single protein.
Question #40
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #41
A hydrophobic.
B hydrophilic.
C bipolar.
D unipolar.
E amphipathic.
Question #42
A The number of neutrons
B The number of electrons
C The number of bonds it can form
D The number of protons
E The ratio of protons to electrons
Question #43
A Covalent bonds between two cysteine amino acids
B Van der Waals forces
C Hydrogen bonds
D Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases
E Ionic bonds
Question #44
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #45
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #46
A They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment.
B They repeat approximately every 24 hours, like daily spikes in hormone secretion.
C They cease to occur when a person is in a dark environment.
D They are cyclical, like the 28-day female menstrual cycle.
E They are voluntary rhythms, like the time you decide to eat lunch each day.
Question #47
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #48
A After eating a large batch of salty popcorn, levels of salt in the urine increase.
B As age increases, the amount of calcium in bones tends to decrease.
C After going outside on a hot day, the core body temperature increases.
D A person who becomes very nervous begins to sweat profusely.
E Increasing the size of fast-food restaurant portions causes body weight to increase.
Question #49
A FALSE
B TRUE
Question #50
A Feedforward regulation
B Positive feedback
C Developmental acclimatization
D Evolution
E Physiological acclimatization
Question #51
A TRUE
B FALSE
Question #52
A Receptor, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, effector
B Effector, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, receptor
C Receptor, efferent pathway, integrating center, afferent pathway, effector
D Integrating center, receptor, afferent pathway, efferent pathway, effector
E Effector, afferent pathway, integrating center, efferent pathway, receptor