Exam 1

A  heredity

B  the media

C  sociobiology

D  sociobiology and heredity

A  male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

B  females being suspected less for criminal behavior

C  females being suspected less for criminal behavior and male police officer who are respectful of delinquent women

D  females being treated with more leniency by police

A  maturation hypothesis

B  liberation hypothesis

C  frustration hypothesis

D  gender gap hypothesis

A  physical aggression

B  social aggression

C  indirect aggression

D  relational aggression

A  their academic abilities

B  their athletic abilities

C  their appearance

D  their relations with others

A  deterrence and rational theory

B  rational choice theory

C  deterrence theory

D  feminist theory

A  individuals who are still in school from committing delinquent acts

B  an individual from committing similar acts in the future

C  others from committing similar acts

D  all of the above apply

A  the responsibility and accountability is directly on him/her

B  the responsibility for such choices can never be fully understood

C  the responsibility is on both the individual and society

D  the responsibility of such choices can be blamed on society

A  criminal behaviors throughout their adult years but were never delinquent as teens

B  delinquency during adolescence but do not go on to commit more crimes as adults

C  criminal behaviors due to mental illness not detected in infancy

D  antisocial behaviors at an early age and persist through their entire life

A  programs that are focused on education

B  children who are overly anxious about crime

C  real-life delinquent activities as fun and entertaining

D  portraying delinquents as dangerous threats to social order

A  level of educational attainment

B  religiosity

C  personal health

D  the youth’s relative position among other teenagers

A  is accepted by all sociologists as a valid explanation of delinquency

B  conforms to the more accepted criminological theories

C  departs from more established and accepted criminological theories

D  is no longer important

A  idea that people from the same environment are motivated by different factors

B  suggestion that there is a difference between a deviant identity and deviant career

C  notion of a developmental process that precedes the attainment of a deviant or delinquent identity and career

D  view that delinquents eventually outgrow their deviancy and conform to the values of society

A  deviance really does not exist

B  deviance, like beauty, exists in the eyes of the beholder

C  deviance cannot be seen

D  deviance is the same to all

A  when the deviant act is committed by a person under the age of ten

B  when a deviant act is instigated by the parent

C  when an individual may commit a deviant act (or several deviant acts but does not internalize the deviant self-concept and continues to occupy the role of conformist

D  when an individual’s self-concept is altered and the deviant role is personally assumed

A  inadequate medical care in prison

B  the greater evil lies in the societal treatment, not in the original act

C  solitary confinement

D  special privileges should be given to special prisoners

A  the treatment of the offender that makes a hardened criminal out of the accidental or occasional one

B  the type of prison used to incarcerate convicted felons

C  the privileges given to incarcerated individuals

D  the type of treatment used to incarcerate those convicted of misdemeanors

A  causing a variety of activities

B  having no effect on future behavior

C  a catalyst for eliciting future behavior of the prescribed kind

D  relative unimportance

A  situations can cause serious consequences

B  no situation is ever the same

C  situations are defined differently

D  when people define a situation as real, it becomes real in its consequences

A  social status, social roles, and social expectations

B  only social expectations

C  only social status

D  only social roles

A  were not interested in delinquency

B  accepted the idea that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

C  rejected the notion that delinquency is an inherent potentiality in all human beings

D  supported the social control theorists’ explanations of juvenile delinquency

A  They have strong social bonds

B  They have absolutely no social bonds

C  They have relatively weak social bonds and consequently feel little remorse for violations of generally accepted social standards

D  They have a great deal of remorse

A  locked into a particular situation

B  an immoral person

C  unchanging

D  occasionally free to “drift”

A  condemning the condemner

B  appeal to higher loyalties

C  denial of responsibility

D  denial of harm

A  represents the ability of a person to resist temptations

B  does not vary among individuals

C  cannot be applied to juveniles

D  applies only to juveniles

A  pride and self-worth

B  mental conflict and anxiety

C  alienation and frustration

D  membership in a street gang or participation in a criminal subculture

A  they come from a wealthy background

B  they have been rewarded for doing so

C  come from a hard-working background

D  they have a strong religious background

A  have no effect on juveniles

B  are ignored by most youth

C  have no effect on females

D  can become viable role models for some youngsters

A  can never become a law-abiding citizen

B  will become a ward of the state

C  loses interest in society

D  slips into juvenile delinquency

A  crystallization

B  socialization

C  characterization

D  politicization

A  Japanese

B  Cambodian

C  Chinese

D  Korean

A  in the suburbs

B  in areas adjacent to the central business district and to heavy industrial areas

C  in jail

D  in the rural outreaches of the city

A  not identifiable

B  not uniform throughout the population

C  uniform throughout the population

D  really not that important

A  rebellion-oriented gang

B  crime-oriented gang

C  conflict-oriented gang

D  retreatist-oriented gang

A  the behavior of lower class juveniles

B  average boys.

C  middle class juveniles

D  abused children

A  retreatism

B  ritualism

C  centralism

D  rebellion

A  retreatism

B  conformity

C  innovation

D  ritualism

A  economic status

B  arrest rates

C  local government

D  prevailing social conditions

A  the police and military must then take over in order to preserve social stability

B  the rules that restrain us from socially unacceptable acts can become weak or suspended

C  people will reach out to social institutions such as the family and religion in order to regain a sense of stability

D  suicide rates drop dramatically

A  are unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

B  are not unanimous in pinpointing the exact causes of juvenile delinquency

C  prefer not to comment on the causes of juvenile delinquency

D  neglect the causes of juvenile delinquency

A  normal childhood behavior and boys will be boys

B  bullies, victims, and interlopers

C  adults, adolescents, children and juveniles

D  conduct disorder , diagnosis , and the later stages

A  personality

B  normal behavior

C  deviant behavior

D  social indifference

A  subjected to intense scrutiny and criticism by subsequent investigators

B  accepted by most criminologists

C  adopted by all foreign scholars as definitive conclusions concerning the cause of criminal behavior

D  totally ignored

A  result in the elimination of the Juvenile court system altogether

B  only further encourage juveniles to break the law, as well as to hide their behavior better

C  jam up the court system so much that most juvenile offenders would be adults before their case was heard in court

D  not only encourage the reformation of offenders, but discourage criminality in the general populace

A  victims have never filed any police complaint

B  victims are the only source of information

C  victims really do not care to answer the questions

D  victims distrust surveys

A  divert the matter away from the court system

B  dismiss the case

C  send the juvenile directly to juvenile detention or foster care

D  let the parents handle the case

A  only because of their seriousness

B  only because of the frequency of occurrence

C  only because of the likelihood of being reported to the police

D  because of their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and likelihood of being reported to the police

A  it in fact measures whatever it is supposed to measure

B  it produces results

C  the average person believes it

D  it yields the same results upon repetition of the measuring procedure or repetition by other investigators

A  prescriptive norms

B  proscriptive norms

C  negative norms

D  outdated

A  are prohibited for juveniles

B  are referred to as status offenses

C  are not illegal when done by adults

D  all of the above