Lecture Exam 1(C)

A  Peroxisomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Lysosomes

D  Mitochondria

E  Endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Golgi apparatus.

B  mitochondria.

C  plasma membrane.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

A  are nonspecific.

B  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

C  may open in response to binding a ligand.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is covalent.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

B  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

C  can be carbohydrate molecules.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

A  100 mM MgCl 2

B  100 mM NaCl

C  200 mM NaCl

D  300 mM glucose

E  400 mM urea

A  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen atoms in the solution.

B  increases as the free hydrogen ion concentration in the solution increases.

C  is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions bound to other molecules in the solution.

D  increases as the acidity of the solution increases.

E  is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen ions in the solution.

A  Secondary active transport

B  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

C  Primary active transport

D  Simple diffusion

E  Facilitated diffusion

A  is called transcription of the message.

B  produces an RNA transcript

C  requires an RNA polymerase

D  occurs in the cytoplasm.

E  requires DNA polymerase.

F  is called translation of the message.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  amphipathic.

B  bipolar.

C  hydrophobic.

D  unipolar.

E  hydrophilic.

A  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

B  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

C  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

D  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

E  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is a nonpolar molecule.

B  It is an amphipathic molecule.

C  It is a polar molecule.

A  The number of bonds it can form

B  The number of neutrons

C  The number of electrons

D  The ratio of protons to electrons

E  The number of protons

A  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

B  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

C  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Vitamins

B  Sugars that were broken down for energy

C  Lipids that form the membranes of cells

D  Oxygen and gases used by metabolism

E  Ionic forms of mineral elements

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Glucose

D  Water

E  Charged particles

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  No effect on blood glucose level

A  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

B  Golgi apparatus

C  Lysosome

D  Rough endoplasmic reticulum

E  Mitochondrion

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  protein.

B  starch.

C  glycogen.

D  triacylglycerol.

E  cellulose.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Exocytosis

B  Receptor-mediated endocytosis

C  Primary active transport

D  Secondary active transport

E  Pinocytosis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Primary

B  Quaternary

C  Secondary

D  Tertiary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  None of the choices are correct.

B  Oxidative phosphorylation

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  Glycolysis

E  Krebs cycle

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Transcription of DNA into RNA

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

E  Generation of ATP

A  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  The Na +/K + pump creates chemical disequilibrium.

B  It is expressed only on select cell types

C  The Na +/K + pump is an example of counter transport.

D  The Na +/K + pump creates an electrical disequilibrium.

E  The Na +/K + pump directly uses ATP

A  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

B  take place only when no oxygen is present.

C  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

A  It will swell in size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will shrink in size.

D  It will stay the same size.

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By decreasing the energy of activation

C  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By phosphorylating a reactant

A  Active transport

B  Phagocytosis

C  Hydrosmosis

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Ionic bonds

C  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

D  Van der Waals forces

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  Dividing by mitosis

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Making ATP

D  Synthesizing lipids

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  diffusion using a pump.

B  simple diffusion.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  dipeptide

B  polypeptide

C  peptide

D  monopeptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Acclimatization

B  Specificity

C  Accommodation

D  Inhibition

E  Saturation

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of protons.

D  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

E  They have different numbers of neutrons.

A  2

B  1

C  4

D  6

E  8

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP