Lecture Exam 1 (A)

A  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

B  Synthesis and packaging of proteins for secretion from the cell or export to other organelles

C  Generation of ATP

D  Synthesis of lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

E  Transcription of DNA into RNA

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X will diffuse faster.

B  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

B  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It will stay the same size.

B  It will swell in size.

C  The result can’t be predicted

D  It will shrink in size.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

A  It is a polar molecule.

B  It is a nonpolar molecule.

C  It is an amphipathic molecule.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

D  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  lysosomes

B  endosomes

C  peroxisomes

D  ribosomes

E  mitochondria

A  They have different numbers of electrons.

B  They have different number of energy shells

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

A  are nonspecific.

B  may open in response to binding a ligand.

C  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  nucleus.

B  mitochondria.

C  plasma membrane.

D  endoplasmic reticulum.

E  Golgi apparatus.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Pinocytosis

D  Hydrosmosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  polypeptide

B  polymerase

C  chemical

D  peptide

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Mitochondria

B  Lysosomes

C  Ribosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Endosomes

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Tertiary

B  Primary

C  Quaternary

D  Secondary

A  polymerase

B  polypeptide

C  polysaturated

D  polyunsaturated

A  2

B  4

C  8

D  6

E  1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

D  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

E  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Lipid molecules

B  Solutes

C  Charged particles

D  Water

E  Glucose

A  can be carbohydrate molecules.

B  are polymers of ATP that store large amounts of energy.

C  are broken down during chemical reactions they catalyze.

D  have names generally ending in the suffix “-ose.”

E  are catalysts in chemical reactions.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  refers to any chemical reaction that involves the production of energy.

B  is defined as the covalent modification and activationof a protein with binding sites for organic molecules.

C  is synonymous with the term “catabolism.”

D  refers to the synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules involved in cell structure and function.

E  is synonymous with the term “anabolism.”

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Manufacturing ribosomes

C  Dividing by mitosis

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Making ATP

A  400 mM urea

B  100 mM NaCl

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  200 mM NaCl

E  300 mM glucose

A  Ion

B  Lipophilic

C  Polar

D  Atom

E  Molecule

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

B  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

C  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

D  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Hydrogen bonds

B  Ionic bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Van der Waals forces

A  0

B  1

C  30

D  90

E  10

A  Krebs cycle

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Glycolysis

D  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Decrease blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Increase blood glucose level

A  Storing calcium ions

B  Providing genetic information

C  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

D  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

E  Generating ATP

A  By increasing the temperature of a solution

B  By phosphorylating a reactant

C  By increasing the energy content of the product molecules

D  By acting as one of the reactant molecules

E  By decreasing the energy of activation

A  It includes actin filaments.

B  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

C  It is important for cellular movement.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Inhibition

B  Accommodation

C  Acclimatization

D  Specificity

E  Saturation