Lecture Exam 1

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  simple diffusion.

B  active transport.

C  diffusion using a pump.

D  diffusion through a channel.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

B  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

C  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

D  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

E  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

C  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

D  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

E  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

C  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

C  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

D  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

E  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

A  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

B  None of the choices are correct.

C  Oxidative phosphorylation

D  Krebs cycle

E  Glycolysis

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary active transport

B  Simple diffusion

C  Facilitated diffusion

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Secondary active transport

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  300 mM glucose

B  100 mM NaCl

C  400 mM urea

D  100 mM MgCl 2

E  200 mM NaCl

A  take place only when no oxygen is present.

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

D  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

E  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

A  No effect on blood glucose level

B  Increase blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  ribosomes

B  mitochondria

C  lysosomes

D  endosomes

E  peroxisomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Amino acids

B  Nucleotides

C  Phospholipids

D  Monosaccharides

E  Cholesterol

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

C  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

A  Providing genetic information

B  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

C  Generating ATP

D  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

E  Storing calcium ions

A  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

B  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

C  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

B  It is ionized.

C  It has no net electrical charge.

D  It is covalent.

A  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

E  may open in response to binding a ligand.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Synthesizing lipids

B  Breaking down carbohydrates

C  Making ATP

D  Dividing by mitosis

E  Manufacturing ribosomes

A  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

B  It is important for cellular movement.

C  It includes actin filaments.

D  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

E  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

A  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

B  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

C  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

D  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

E  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

A  Peroxisomes

B  Ribosomes

C  Mitochondria

D  Endosomes

E  Lysosomes

A  Secondary

B  Tertiary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A covalent molecule

B  A cation

C  An anion

D  A new element

E  A free radical

A  hydrophilic.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  unipolar.

E  bipolar.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Phagocytosis

B  Active transport

C  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hydrosmosis

A  It will stay the same size.

B  The result can’t be predicted

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

A  6

B  1

C  4

D  8

E  2

A  Van der Waals forces

B  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

C  Ionic bonds

D  Hydrogen bonds

E  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  They have different numbers of neutrons.

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of electrons.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different number of energy shells

A  Lipid molecules

B  Charged particles

C  Solutes

D  Water

E  Glucose