Lecture Exam 1

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  simple diffusion.

B  diffusion through a channel.

C  active transport.

D  diffusion using a pump.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  2 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of water

B  2 molecules of pyruvate and 36 molecules of ATP

C  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of water, and 2 NADH

D  2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of lactate, and 2 ATP

E  2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of water, and 2 molecules of lactate

A  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and storing calcium ions

B  Synthesizing lipids and intracellular storage of calcium ions

C  Modifying proteins synthesized on ribosomes associated with granular endoplasmic reticulum and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

D  Digestion of engulfed bacteria and using oxygen to generate ATP

E  Modifying proteins synthesized on free ribosomes and allowing the distribution of modified proteins throughout the cell in vesicles

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Cholesterol molecules function to transport ions from one side of the plasma membrane to the other.

B  Peripheral membrane proteins function as channels associated with transport of ions through the membrane.

C  The plasma membrane is a layer of phospholipid molecules with their hyrophilic head groups in contact with the extracellular solution and the hydrophobic tail groups in contact with the intracellular solution.

D  Some proteins integrated into the membrane serve as channels for the passage of nonpolar molecules through the membrane.

E  The phospholipid bilayer is arranged so that the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecule face the extra- and intracellular fluids.

A  The term “tonicity” refers to the effect that a solution has on the degree of stretch or shrinking of the cell membrane.

B  The term “osmolarity” refers to the osmotic properties of a solution, regardless of its tonicity.

C  Hypertonic solutions are always hyperosmotic.

D  Isotonic solutions are always isoosmotic.

E  Hypoosmotic solutions are always hypotonic.

A  Krebs cycle

B  Glycolysis

C  The breakdown of fatty acids to CO 2 and H 2O

D  None of the choices are correct.

E  Oxidative phosphorylation

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Primary active transport

B  Facilitated diffusion

C  Simple diffusion

D  None of these can occur without the direct use of ATP

E  Secondary active transport

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  300 mM glucose

B  400 mM urea

C  100 mM MgCl 2

D  100 mM NaCl

E  200 mM NaCl

A  generate ATP and electron carriers NADH and FADH2

B  take place in the cytosol of human cells.

C  take place only when no oxygen is present.

D  generate ATP and the electron carrier NADH

E  produce pyruvate and lactate as end products.

A  Increase blood glucose level

B  No effect on blood glucose level

C  Decrease blood glucose level

A  lysosomes

B  peroxisomes

C  mitochondria

D  ribosomes

E  endosomes

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Nucleotides

B  Cholesterol

C  Phospholipids

D  Monosaccharides

E  Amino acids

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a 3’UTR and then the coding sequence

B  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 3′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 5’UTR

C  It starts with a UTR sequence, then is followed by a promoter and then the coding sequence

D  It starts with a promoter, then is followed by a 5′ UTR, a coding sequence and then a 3’UTR

A  Generating ATP

B  Storing calcium ions

C  Storing organic chemicals for metabolism

D  Providing genetic information

E  Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

A  It is always directly coupled to the splitting of ATP molecules.

B  It involves a specific membrane protein that functions as a carrier molecule.

C  There is no limit to how fast it can occur as the concentration gradient becomes larger.

D  It is the main mechanism fortransportinghydrophobic molecules across membranes.

E  It always involves the movement of substances against a concentration gradient.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  It is covalent.

B  It has no net electrical charge.

C  It has opposite electrical charge at each end.

D  It is ionized.

A  may open in response to binding a ligand.

B  are nonspecific.

C  only allow ions to move from the intracellular fluid out of the cell.

D  only allow ions to move from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

E  are not affected by differences in electrical potential across the membrane.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Making ATP

B  Synthesizing lipids

C  Manufacturing ribosomes

D  Breaking down carbohydrates

E  Dividing by mitosis

A  It is important for cellular movement.

B  It includes actin filaments.

C  It refers to the cellular components of bone.

D  It refers to a network of cytoplasmic filaments.

E  It helps to determine a cell’s shape.

A  Modifying proteins destined for secretion

B  Transcribing a signal sequence onto proteins destined for secretion

C  Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins

D  Packaging enzymes destined for lysosomes

E  Sorting of proteins destined for various locations in the cell

A  Mitochondria

B  Ribosomes

C  Endosomes

D  Peroxisomes

E  Lysosomes

A  Tertiary

B  Secondary

C  Quaternary

D  Primary

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  Substance Y will diffuse faster.

B  Substance X will diffuse faster.

C  Substance X and Substance Y will diffuse at the same rate, as they are of equal size and concentration.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  A free radical

B  An anion

C  A new element

D  A covalent molecule

E  A cation

A  bipolar.

B  amphipathic.

C  hydrophobic.

D  hydrophilic.

E  unipolar.

A  FALSE

B  TRUE

A  Active transport

B  Hydrosmosis

C  Phagocytosis

D  Pinocytosis

E  Hyperosmotic vesicular entrapment

A  The result can’t be predicted

B  It will stay the same size.

C  It will swell in size.

D  It will shrink in size.

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 1 millimolar.

B  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell decrease to 0.5 millimolar.

C  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the concentration of X inside the cell increase to 5 millimolar.

D  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell shrink.

E  A cell is placed into a 1 millimolar solution of substance X and over time you witness the size of the cell swell.

A  2

B  1

C  8

D  4

E  6

A  Ionic bonds

B  Hydrogen bonds

C  Bonds between two cysteine amino acids

D  Covalent bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases

E  Van der Waals forces

A  TRUE

B  FALSE

A  They have different number of energy shells

B  They can form different numbers of chemical bonds.

C  They have different numbers of neutrons.

D  They have different numbers of protons.

E  They have different numbers of electrons.

A  Glucose

B  Water

C  Solutes

D  Lipid molecules

E  Charged particles