Lecture Exam 3

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Question #1

This figure shows an intestinal villus. What specific layer does number 4 indicate?

A nuclease.

B pancreatase.

C amylase.

D pepsin.

E protease.

Question #2

Which region(s) of the pharynx is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

A Basement membrane

B Circular layer of muscularis

C Longitudinal layer of muscularis

D Muscularis mucosae

E Lamina propria

Question #3

Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?

A V and VII

B XI and XII

C VI and IX

D V and XI

E VII and IX

Question #4

What is the name of the column of neurons within the medulla that initiates neural impulses for inspiration and expiration?

A Pontine respiratory center

B Ventral respiratory group

C Phrenic nucleus

D Dorsal respiratory group

Question #5

The larynx is supported by nine pieces of cartilage. Which cartilages occur in pairs?

A Thyroid and corniculate

B Corniculate and cricoid

C Arytenoid and epiglottis

D Cricoid, corniculate, and arytenoid

E Corniculate, cuneiform, and arytenoid

Question #6

Secretin is a hormone that is secreted by the

A liver.

B stomach.

C pancreas.

D large intestine.

E small intestine.

Question #7

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is a voluntary process that is controlled by the cerebral cortex.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #8

The male voice tends to be in a lower range than a female’s voice because men have

A longer and thicker vocal folds.

B more taut vestibular folds.

C shorter and fatter vestibular ligaments.

D more air to push through the rima glottidis.

E wider arytenoid cartilages.

Question #9

Of the five types of secretory cells in the gastric glands, which ones secrete pepsinogen?

A Chief cells

B Surface mucous cells

C Parietal cells

D Mucous neck cells

E Enteroendocrine cells

Question #10

The alveolar cell that secretes pulmonary surfactant is the

A alveolar type II cell.

B alveolar macrophage.

C squamous alveolar cell.

D dust cell.

E alveolar type I cell.

Question #11

Which organ is retroperitoneal?

A Stomach

B Jejunum

C Cecum

D Pancreas

E Transverse colon

Question #12

Inspiratory capacity is greater than inspiratory reserve volume.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #13

Stenosis (constriction) of the hepatopancreatic ampulla would interfere with

A the transport of bile and pancreatic juice.

B peristalsis.

C salivary gland secretion.

D the secretion of mucus.

E the passage of chyme into the small intestine.

Question #14

Peristalsis

A involves back-and-forth movement for mixing.

B is under voluntary control.

C is the alternating contraction of muscle layers in the GI tract wall that propels materials through the tract.

D All of the choices are correct.

E involves the opening and closing of muscular sphincters.

Question #15

Which bones form the hard palate?

A Maxillae and inferior nasal conchae

B Ethmoid and sphenoid bones

C Maxillae and sphenoid

D Palatine bones

E Palatine bones and maxillae

Question #16

Lysozyme within saliva primarily functions to

A initiate the chemical breakdown of starch.

B wash materials off teeth.

C inhibit bacterial growth.

D moisten and disperse food.

Question #17

If a fatty meal has been ingested, the liver and gallbladder need to be alerted about the need for bile. The receptors that are responsible for sensing the fat in the ingested food are referred to as

A mechanoreceptors.

B chemoreceptors.

C osmodetectors.

D omental neurons

E bilireceptors.

Question #18

What prevents the trachea from collapsing?

A The internal air pressure within the trachea

B The C-shaped cartilaginous rings

C The internal epithelium

D The surrounding muscles

Question #19

Foreign particles

A lodge equally often in each of the two primary bronchi.

B are more likely to lodge in the left primary bronchus.

C are more likely to lodge in the right primary bronchus.

Question #20

As blood travels through a systemic capillary and exchanges gases with systemic cells,

A the partial pressure of oxygen in blood increases as it goes from arterioles to venules.

B the partial pressure of oxygen on blood remains the same as it goes from arterioles to venules.

C the partial pressure of oxygen in blood decreases as it goes from arterioles to venules.

Question #21

Vitamin K and B vitamins produced by bacteria of the large intestine are absorbed into the blood

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #22

The pancreas is located primarily on the ________ side of the body, and it produces an _______ juice that is rich in a variety of enzymes.

A right, acidic

B left, acidic

C left, alkaline

D right, alkaline

Question #23

These muscles extend from a superior rib inferomedially to the adjacent inferior rib. They elevate the ribs upon contraction, thereby increasing the transverse dimensions of the thoracic cavity during inhalation.

A Internal intercostals

B Scalenes

C Transversus thoracis

D External intercostals

E Serratus posterior inferior

Question #24

The term “canines” describes the teeth that

A bear dental cusps for cutting and grinding.

B are only found as permanent teeth.

C are most anterior, used for slicing and cutting.

D are lateral to the incisors, used for puncturing and tearing.

Question #25

Pepsinogen is an

A inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.

B inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.

C active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.

D active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.

Question #26

Lipid molecules that are absorbed from the GI tract enter

A the liver.

B lymphatic capillaries.

C mesenteric arteries.

D mesenteric veins.

Question #27

Stenosis (constriction) of the pyloric sphincter would interfere with

A mucus secretion.

B passage of a bolus into the stomach.

C passage of chyme into the duodenum.

D passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

E peristalsis.

Question #28

A sphincter is a

A circle of adventitia that anchors the GI tract to neighboring structures.

B fold of the mucosa of the GI tract that increases the total surface area for absorption of nutrients.

C thickening of the longitudinal layer of the muscularis that propels materials through the GI tract.

D thickening of the circular layer of the muscularis that controls movement of materials through the GI tract.

Question #29

What structures compose a portal triad?

A Branches of the common bile duct, central vein, and hepatic artery

B Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic duct

C Branches of the cystic duct, central vein, and hepatic artery

D Branches of the hepatic duct, cystic duct, and central vein

E Branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic vein, and hepatic duct

Question #30

Which do not belong to the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

A Terminal bronchioles

B Pulmonary alveoli

C Alveolar ducts

D Respiratory bronchioles

E Alveolar sacs

Question #31

Duodenal glands (Brunner glands) that secrete a viscous mucus into the small intestine are located in the

A mucosa.

B muscularis interna.

C adventitia.

D serosa.

E submucosa.

Question #32

Which bone does not contain a paranasal sinus?

A Maxilla

B Frontal bone

C Mandible

D Ethmoid bone

E Sphenoid bone

Question #33

“Segmentation” within the small intestine refers to the

A back-and-forth motion that mixes chyme with glandular secretions.

B division of function between the different segments of the small intestine.

C gastroileal reflex that moves materials from the stomach to the large intestine.

D propulsion of material between the segments of the GI tract.

Question #34

What type of epithelium lines the majority of the oral cavity?

A Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

B Nonkeratinized stratified cuboidal

C Keratinized stratified cuboidal

D Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

E Keratinized stratified squamous

Question #35

Exposure to irritants causes mucus production to

A decrease.

B increase.

Question #36

Terminal bronchioles of the lower respiratory system are lined with

A pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

B simple cuboidal epithelium.

C keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

D stratified columnar epithelium.

E nonkeratinized stratified squamous.

Question #37

The expiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume equals the

A tidal volume.

B inspiratory reserve volume.

C forced expiratory volume.

D functional residual capacity.

E vital capacity.

Question #38

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found in the

A myenteric plexus of the mucosa of the intestine.

B adventitia of the upper portion of the GI tract.

C mucosa and submucosa of the GI tract along its length.

D muscularis interna of the entire length of the GI tract.

E epithelium of the inferior portion of the GI tract.

Question #39

Maltase is a brush border enzyme of the small intestine that digests the sugar maltose.

A TRUE

B FALSE

Question #40

Airway obstruction can lead to hypoventilation, which can cause

A hypoxia and respiratory acidosis.

B hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis.

C hypocapnia and hyperpnea.

D hypoxia and respiratory alkalosis.

E hypocapnia and respiratory acidosis.

Question #41

Airflow is ________ related to the pressure gradient and ________ related to resistance.

A inversely; inversely

B directly; directly

C directly; inversely

D inversely; directly

Question #42

Mucin ________ the viscosity of mucus, facilitating the ________ of dust and dirt particles

A decreases; flushing

B increases; trapping

C decreases; exocytosis

D increases; diluting

Question #43

What is the correct order for the list of structures of the large intestine, starting at the cecum and ending at the rectum?
a: Left colic flexure
b: Ascending colon
c: Transverse colon
d: Right colic flexure
e: Sigmoid colon
f: Descending colon

A e, b, d, c, a, f

B b, d, c, a, f, e

C f, c, d, e, a, b

D e, b, a, c, d, f

E b, a, c, d, f, e

Question #44

The gallbladder is part of the gastrointestinal tract.

A FALSE

B TRUE

Question #45

Villi

A generate movement of materials in the large intestine.

B increase surface area in the small intestine.

C All of the choices are correct.

D are found throughout the gastrointestinal tract.

E contain both smooth and skeletal muscle fibers.

Question #46

Manufacturers of some medications used to treat heartburn advertise that their products shut down the acid-producing pumps in the stomach. Where are these “acid-producing pumps”? In other words, which type of gastric gland cell secretes acid?

A Mucous neck cells

B Surface mucous cells

C Parietal cells

D Chief cells

E Enteroendocrine cells

Question #47

Which list of terms progresses from the most superficial structure to the deepest?

A Parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum

B Visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, parietal peritoneum

C Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity

D Peritoneal cavity, visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum

Question #48

The projections on the superior surface of the tongue, some of which house taste buds, are the

A rugae.

B glossal spines.

C cilia.

D tonsils.

E papillae.

Question #49

Which duct transports bile to and from the gallbladder?

A Hepatopancreatic duct

B Pancreatic duct

C Cystic duct

D Common bile duct

E Hepatic duct

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